sự khắc nghiệt
/ˈstɑːknəs//ˈstɑːrknəs/The word "starkness" has a fascinating origin. It derives from the Old English words "starc" or "starcu," which mean "bright" or "shining." Initially, the term described a condition of being open or exposed, as if something was shining or radiant. Over time, the meaning shifted to encompass a sense of desolation, isolation, or bleakness. In the 14th century, "starkness" began to connote a state of emptiness, isolation, or nakedness, often used to describe physical or spiritual desolation. This sense of starkness can evoke emotions of melancholy, loneliness, or even fear. In artistic contexts, starkness is often used to describe settings, scenes, or emotions that are starkly contrasting, emphasizing their intensity or extremity. In summary, the word "starkness" originated from Old English roots, initially describing a condition of brightness before evolving to convey feelings of desolation, isolation, and bleakness.
a severe appearance without colour or decoration
vẻ ngoài nghiêm túc không có màu sắc hoặc trang trí
sự khắc nghiệt của kiến trúc hiện đại
the fact of being unpleasant, real and impossible to avoid
sự thật là khó chịu, có thật và không thể tránh khỏi
sự khắc nghiệt của sự mất mát và đau buồn