Definition of echelon

The word "echelon" originated from the French language, specifically from the French word "échelon," meaning "rung" or "step." In military terminology, an echelon refers to a hierarchical organization of units or troops arranged in a stepped or staggered formation. This configuration allows multiple levels or layers of forces to operate independently and support each other, to achieve a larger strategic objective. The origin of the terminology dates back to the late 18th century when French military strategist and engineer, Gaspard de Prony, first introduced the concept of arranging troops in a stepped formation. However, it was during the Napoleonic Wars that the terms "echelon" and "echelonné" (meaning "staggered") became widely used in military terminology. The concept of echelon formation was particularly crucial during World War II, when it enabled Allied troops to successfully execute complex multi-front campaigns against German forces. The staggered formation allowed for more effective use of forces, improved communication between units, and facilitated the rapid movement of troops and resources. Today, the term "echelon" continues to be used in military strategizing and descriptions, particularly in multi-level hierarchical organization structures. In civilian contexts, such as business and project management, "echelon" may refer to a hierarchy of positions or job levels, each with specific responsibilities and levels of authority.