Definition of supercilious

The origin of the word "supercilious" dates back to medieval Latin, where it was used to describe someone with a haughty look or demeanor. Specifically, the word "supercilium" referred to a raised eyebrow, which was seen as a sign of disdain or contempt for others. This usage of "supercilium" can be traced back to the ancient Roman orator and writer Cicero, who used the term to describe the facial expressions of his opponents in lectures and debates. In medieval Latin, "supercilium" also had other related meanings, such as "arrogance" or "haughtiness," which stemmed from the idea that the raised eyebrow was a physical manifestation of a person's superiority or contempt for others. This usage can also be seen in some of the earliest recorded instances of "supercilious" in Old French, where it was used to describe someone with a proud or haughty attitude. Over time, the meaning of "supercilious" evolved to encompass a broader range of meanings related to pride, arrogance, and contempt. In Middle English, for example, "supercilious" came to mean "haughty" or "superior in demeanor," as well as "scornful" or "contemptuous." It was not until the 16th century that "supercilious" took on its current meaning of "proudly disdainful or scornful," particularly towards those considered inferior or of lower social status. Today, "supercilious" is still used to describe someone with a haughty or arrogant demeanor, particularly as shown through facial expressions or body language. It is often used in formal contexts, such as academic writing or diplomatic correspondence, as a way of conveying a sense of disdain or contempt for another person's opinions or actions.