Definition of typeset

The term "typeset" originated during the mid-19th century, when the printing industry underwent a significant transformation. Prior to this time, type was set by hand, a labour-intensive process usually carried out by skilled compositors. The development of mechanical typesetting devices, such as the linotype machine and the monotype caster, automated this process and revolutionized the printing industry. The linotype machine, invented by Ottmar Mergenthaler in 1886, allowed typists to compose entire lines of text using a keyboard. Each key represented a specific character, and as the typist typed, a mould was formed in dripping molten type metal, which could be removed for casting in lead type. This type was then set into a galley or tray, which could then be transferred to the printing press. The monotype caster, developed by Tolbert Lanston in 1887, worked on a similar principle but marked out the shape of individual characters directly onto a thin metal sheet, which could then be locked into a frame and transferred to the printing press. Both machines greatly increased the speed and efficiency of typesetting, reducing the time and skill required for hand composition. The term "typeset" became a common descriptor for the process, reflecting the mechanized nature of the new technology. By the late 19th century, typesetting had become a recognizable profession, requiring specific skills and training to operate the new machines. Today, desktop publishing software has digitally replaced the mechanical typesetting machines, but the term "typeset" continues to be used to describe the process of arranging type for printing or publication.