Definition of naturalism

The term "naturalism" was first used in the 18th century in the context of art and literature. It was coined by the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder, who wrote that naturalism aimed to portray people and things in a straightforward, uncomplicated, and truthful manner, free from artificial conventions and ideals. Herder's idea of naturalism emphasized the importance of observation, experience, and common sense in art and literature. The concept gained popularity in the 19th century, particularly in France, where it was associated with the arts and literature of everyday life. The term was further developed by artists and writers, such as Gustave Courbet and Émile Zola, who sought to depict the harsh realities of modern life, including poverty, disease, and social inequality. Over time, naturalism has expanded to encompass a broad range of disciplines, including science, philosophy, and social sciences.