chủ nghĩa tự nhiên
/ˈnætʃrəlɪzəm//ˈnætʃrəlɪzəm/The term "naturalism" was first used in the 18th century in the context of art and literature. It was coined by the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder, who wrote that naturalism aimed to portray people and things in a straightforward, uncomplicated, and truthful manner, free from artificial conventions and ideals. Herder's idea of naturalism emphasized the importance of observation, experience, and common sense in art and literature. The concept gained popularity in the 19th century, particularly in France, where it was associated with the arts and literature of everyday life. The term was further developed by artists and writers, such as Gustave Courbet and Émile Zola, who sought to depict the harsh realities of modern life, including poverty, disease, and social inequality. Over time, naturalism has expanded to encompass a broad range of disciplines, including science, philosophy, and social sciences.
a style of art or writing that shows people, things and experiences as they really are
một phong cách nghệ thuật hoặc văn bản thể hiện con người, sự vật và trải nghiệm như thực tế
the theory that everything in the world and life is based on natural causes and laws, and not on spiritual or supernatural ones
học thuyết cho rằng mọi thứ trên thế giới và cuộc sống đều dựa trên nguyên nhân và quy luật tự nhiên, chứ không phải dựa trên những nguyên nhân và quy luật tâm linh hay siêu nhiên
