Definition of criminal record

The term "criminal record" refers to a documented history of a person's criminal offenses, convictions, and sentence details. The concept of keeping criminal records dates back to centuries ago, when law enforcement agencies began maintaining ledgers to keep track of accused and convicted individuals. In the 19th century, the English police created a centralized database known as the Metropolitan Police General Register Office to track the movements of repeat offenders. This rogues' gallery was later adapted by other jurisdictions around the world, including the United States. The term "criminal record" itself gained widespread popularity during the industrial revolution era, when employer background checks became more standardized. Employers sought to protect their property and safeguard against dishonest employees by requiring potential hires to disclose their past criminal convictions. Today, criminal records are compiled and managed by government agencies, such as police departments, courts, and correctional institutions, to help facilitate the administration of justice and prevent recidivism by repeat offenders. Criminal records are also used for a variety of purposes beyond employment screening, such as in immigration proceedings, licensing applications, and background checks for housing and education.