Definition of closed shop

The term "closed shop" refers to a hiring practice that requires new employees to join a labor union as a condition of employment in a particular workplace. The term, which dates back to the late 19th century, originated from the concept of a physically closed shop, where only union members were permitted to work in a company's facilities. This practice became more widespread during the early 20th century, as labor unions aimed to consolidate their power and protect their members from competition in the job market. While laws and court rulings discouraged the use of closed shops through much of the 20th century, some companies, particularly in the public sector, continue to utilize this hiring practice today. However, with the rise of right-to-work laws and changing attitudes toward unionized labor, the prevalence of closed shops has decreased significantly.